Garden House Youth Society · January 1, 2025
Zambia’s economy and rural livelihoods are closely tied to climate-sensitive sectors, particularly agriculture and hydropower generation. In 2024, the country experienced one of the most severe droughts in its recent history, which significantly reduced water levels in major reservoirs such as Kariba and Kafue Gorge. Because hydropower accounts for the majority of Zambia’s electricity generation, the drought triggered a national energy crisis characterized by extended load shedding and electricity shortages across the country.
The energy crisis had widespread economic consequences. Businesses faced production disruptions, agro-processing activities were curtailed, and rural communities struggled to maintain agricultural productivity due to unreliable electricity supply. Smallholder farmers were particularly vulnerable, as many rely on electricity or solar-powered systems for irrigation, water pumping, storage, and processing activities. Limited access to reliable energy during critical farming periods increased production risks and reduced the resilience of agricultural systems.